For a fourth participant, a pattern of awakening - first three REM awakenings, then three NREM awakenings - was followed.
For three participants, these measures were taken randomly through their sleep, with reference to a random numbers table.
Dream recall was measured for participants during both REM and NREM periods of sleep.
High voltage, slow activity or frequent, well-defined sleep spindles were taken as indicators of NREM sleep.
An EEG was used to monitor when the participants showed low-voltage, relatively fast patterns that indicated they were in the REM stage of sleep.
Measured Variables (Dependent Variables) of the Dement and Kletiman (sleep and dreams) study:.
An experimenter communicated with the participants only if necessary, that too, only after the participant had completed his narration to avoid unnecessary contact.
Participants recorded their narration of the dream experience into a recording device, again to prevent having to speak to the experimenter.
Participants were awoken with a sufficiently loud, ordinary doorbell to prevent having the experimenter awaken them, resulting in contact with the experimenter.
Eeg sleep study series#
A series of experiments - one with each participant - rather than a single experiment with all participants was conducted to prevent participants from disturbing each other.
Eeg sleep study free#
All electrode led wires from different parts of the body for measurement were attached to the top of the participants' head, and from there to a lead box at the head of the bed in a single cord to minimize possibility of entanglement of the participant, and to allow him free movement during sleep.
Participants were given a dark and quiet room to sleep for undisturbed sleep.
Also, they were instructed to not consume alcohol or caffeine during the day of the study, to assure that their natural course of sleep was unaffected.
Participants reported to the study just a little before bedtime, to assure that they would fall off to sleep naturally.
This was an attempt to assure that they reported their dreams authentically. They were not informed whether their eyes had been moving or not.
After awakening by the bell, participants were instructed to first state whether they'd been dreaming or not, and then if they could, narrate the content of their dreams.
Controls of the Dement and Kletiman (sleep and dreams) study.
Level 3 - Both vertical and horizontal movements.
Level 2 - Mainly horizontal eye movements.
IV3: Pattern of Eye Movement during REM Sleep.
REM sleep is found to occur during the later hours of sleep.
In notable research, participants showed better dream recall when awakened during the later hours of sleep rather than during the earlier hours.
Other possible physiological correlates (such as foot twitches or gastric contractions) of high recall of dreams at different periods, were not found to be reliable.
When measured through EEG, it was established that the above experience occurs throughout the sleep cycle, whenever REM sleep stages occur.
People have a greater recall for dreams if awakened in the stage of sleep when they have rapid eye movements (REM sleep) than they do if awakened at other times.
This study was based on the following observations:.
The background of the Dement and Kletiman (sleep and dreams) study:.
the pattern of eye movements in REM sleep, and the direction of movement in the content of the corresponding dream.
the duration of the REM sleep stage, and the length of the corresponding dream.
stage of sleep and occurrence of dreams.
The present study investigated the correlation between different various stages of sleep and various characteristics of dreams, specifically the relation between:.
The psychology being investigated in the Dement and Kletiman (sleep and dreams) study:.
Nonetheless, they are useful for study evaluation). Notes preceded by an asterisk and italicized are not required by the